Trabalhos de Antropologia e Etnologia

Prêmbulo

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Sociedades Quilombolas na Amazónia Brasileira – Terra e Liberdade

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Quilombola societies of the Trombetas River, in the western state of Pará – Brazilian
Amazon, were formed during the XIX century. Nowadays materialized in the current black communities – descendants of these mocambos – the struggle that arises, rather than freedom, is for the right to land, to guarantee that territoriality constituted by their ancestors, facing the large mining projects, the construction of dams, the agribusiness and even environmental projects, advocated by the federal
government since the 1970s, ignoring the rights and cultures of these Afro-Amazonians. Moments in which their identity is affirmed.

Memória, Saúde e Pobreza: Narrativas do Sanitarista e Farmacêutico Rodolfo Teófilo em Finais do Século XIX Começos do Século XX, no Ceará

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This research refers to the migrants who were oppressed, rejected and ignored during the 1877-1879 drought in Fortaleza. Such migrants fought for their survival and resisted a city that imposed them behavioral disciplines. Sources such as: newspapers, memorialists, reports, posture codes and also the literary works “A Hunger” by Rodolfo Teófilo and “Os Retirantes” by José do Patrocínio made it
possible to construct a narrative where it was possible to perceive the learning made by these various “sertanejos” who began to live and resist the weather and customs determined by the city and its inhabitants during the drought of 1878 to 1879.

A Aventura como Ação Política: as Viagens Jangadeiras das Décadas de 1940-1950

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This article discusses the political action of rafts who ventured into the sea on crossings in the 1940s and 1950s. During this period, three raft trips were made: to Rio de Janeiro, led by Jacaré; to Porto Alegre; and to Buenos Aires, Argentina, led by Mestre Jerônimo. Hemerographic and movie news sources were used in the research, as well as the contents of two diaries written in 1941. We conclude that these political actions were strategies to attract attention to the precarious living and working conditions of raft fishermen and to fight for social rights

Experiências, Práticas e Discursos num Contexto de Pesca

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From an ethnography among people interacting with maritime environment (fishermen and harvesters of clam) in Seixal (Tagus estuary, Portugal), we reflect upon local groups agency and its possible connections with other scales, aiming to understand the interrelationships human beings and environment. Analyzing life and work memories, practices, perceptions and perspectives of individuals and families, continuities, breaks and returns to fishing arise. Those oscillations result from different social, economic, local and global conjunctures. From experiences and discourses of those who act on the environment, we glimpse survival strategies and choices throughout lives of precarious work and "crisis".

O Trabalho e as Migrações na Envolvente da Companhia de Fiação e Tecidos de Guimarães: Operários, Camponeses e “Vendeiros”

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In this paper, I try to understand how fixation and geographic mobility, as well as specialization and professional adaptability, are articulated as ways to "improve life" in the surroundings of an old textile factory in the municipality of Guimarães. Given the complexity of the family and labour relations that emerge here, I aim at questioning how the strategies adopted in their professional and migratory trajectories accompany the diversity of family and class situations at the local level. Considering that this is a context of diffuse industrialization, I will attend especially to the comparisons with the peasantry, in terms of continuities and changes with the workingclass world.

A Política na Pedra

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This article analyses a central space in Lisbon, based on the idea that politics and worldviews are also inscribed in stone, in the monuments and in the materiality of the city. The territory between Praça do Marquês de Pombal and Rossio is analysed taking into account both what has been inscribed, as well as the manifestations that question and subvert the original meanings, recognizing this space as a territory for fighting for memory and history.

Património, Saúde e Medicina, ou a Arte de dar Vida à Memória. Trilhos de Cultura & Ciência

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Campo de Sant’Ana shares memory: political, scientific, and urban. The liberalism of
1817-1820 established the Field of Fatherland’s Martyrs [Campo Mártires da Pátria]. The year 1906 stamped the scientific internationalization, welcoming the XV International Congress of Medicine. The 1930s is shaped by the Goethe Institute. This hill offers several layers of temporal memory, heritage, collections, artifacts, buildings that combine to produce knowledge with citizenship practices. Doing
“the archeology of ideas and words” in the “Hill of Health” allows opening to the social sciences this cultural and scientific space of Lisbon, capital of several “historical-geographical complex”.

Ecualizando los Márgenes: Cultura Expresiva y Renovación Urbana en un Barrio Histórico del Centro de Lisboa

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This article explores the link between contemporary urban revitalization programs and the enactment of the past for the creation of new urban images for tourism consumption. Drawing on fieldwork research in Lisbon’s Mouraria quarter, I discuss the significance of music as a lever for the renewal and marketing of this infamous inner-city neighborhood. In particular, I focus on the restitution of fado, Portugal’s national song, to the neighborhood public and semi-public spaces and this popular
genre of urban song has been instrumentalised as a new identity marker of the territory.

O Canto que Virou Património: da “Beleza Do Morto” aos Futuros Possíveis

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“Popular culture”, has been invoked as a magic formula whose effect would be sufficient to guarantee the existence of reality (Revel 1989), and it is presented to us in an authoritative and up-to-date version of Intangible Cultural Heritage. In this text I discuss the patrimonialization processes as reproductions of modalities of holism applied to the collective that today occupy the place of what the folkorists of the past understood as the “people”, from an ethnographic study conducted in the border of Baixo Alentejo, complemented by bibliographic and documentary sources. This is a first approach to issues related to the (re) production of the symbolic imaginary of Cante Alentejano, carried out within two research projects.

Mordomia e Liminaridade nas Festas do Mártir em Barroso

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In the southern plateau of Serra do Barroso, where the Trás-os-Montes and Minho regions meet, different production methods as well as worshiping traditions associated with both agricultural and pastoral cycles flow together. The feasts in honor of São Sebastião that take place in this territory are intermingled with different factors that drive cyclical changes on certain aspects of the rituals
constantly recreated. The changes take place, and have its roots in disagreements, in conflicts resulting from inequalities pervasive in all societies. The dynamics of change is a driver for a wealth of information, given that the periods of stability are feeble and fleeting. In this essay, we compare three places for the celebration of the Martyr, selected by its proximity and relevance, by revisiting other territories with feasts with the same invocation.

“O que Estamos A Fazer?” Ensaio Sobre a Economia Política da Promessa do Novo Imaginário Biomédico

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Sheila Jasanoff identified three key issues that could interfere with the co-production of futures in the context of the political economy of promise: the predominance of private organizations in the articulation and propagation of the imaginary; the existence of tensions over the definition of desirable futures; and the quality of the imaginary as translators of a society's understanding about
good and evil. This essay reflects on the implications of the political economy of the promise of the new biomedicine in the production of the imagined futures by analysing these three issues through a cosmopolitical approach, following Isabelle Stengers' famous proposal, that is, starting from the question: “what are we busy doing?”.

Kundun e Kumari: A História Encantada do Misterioso Reino de Shangri-La – Contributos para o Estudo da Área Cultural Tibetano-Nepalesa

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The main goal of this article is to highlight the similarity of values and practices underlying the social representation of power in culture manifested in the territories that integrate the Nepalese and Tibetan cultural area, with particular emphasis on the construction of traditional social organization processes, the relevance of the child condition and the role of education.

Museus e “Aprofundamento Da Democracia” – É Possível Pensá-los, Fazê-los, Sustentá-los?

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This paper aims to think the role of museums – considered in a broad sense – within contemporary society, as an increasingly globalized world, characterised by all kinds of crescent asymmetries. Consequently, museums face today permanently new challenges in this context where they must clearly assume their political role, leading us to consider how we can contribute through them to a more democratic and inclusive societal life, in which all citizens could be able to play an active role, being not mere visitors and spectators of museum collections and narratives produced by museum experts.

Introdução. Memória, Cultura e Porvir. Algumas Pistas para Pensar o Mundo

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Transmitiendo el Sentido Común: Los Cánticos y el Comportamiento Colectivo

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Argentina has a long tradition of political and football slogans. Most analysts consider that there is a strong linkage between both. These slogans are designed to be chanted by hundreds and thousands of voices in political mobilizations and in football stadiums. This paper focuses on political chants. This paper attempts to delve, through the study of a series of political chants and slogans, the persistence of a left-wing political subjectivity throughout 20th Century Argentina. At the same
time, it seeks to link these chants with specific figures of speech that appear in the testimonies of political activists.

Sementes de Futuro: Memória, Cultura e Resistência no MST

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Around the memories of the Ligas Camponesas, in Northeast of Brazil, in the mid-twentieth century, we approach the meanings of the past and present struggles against landlordism violence and the state, as well as defense of popular land reform. In MST’s formation we observed its territorialization through the Occupation struggle, managing the Camp and when each settlement conquered affirm the MST as a socio-territorial movement. Examining the situation of the 1980s, noting the MST’s roots, the socio-religious culture of Christianity Liberation and following the systematic production of the MST, in their collective of Education, Arts and Culture, we highlight, reflection on the Mystic, Marches and the Land’s Pedagogy as an important experience, as a visceral human experience. We bring out the contents of social memory activating the commitment of struggle in the present time and expressing the values in the rites, symbols and records of convocation and evocation.

Camponeses e Comunistas: Diálogos Possíveis (Ceará, 1947-1953)

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The article seeks to discuss some possibilities of political dialogue between peasants and communists, based on situations that occurred in the 1950s in Brazil, Ceará state. Even with some conceptual and programmatic constraints, some Communist militants act on the basic demands of peasants in the dry semiarid areas that focus on struggles for access to land and water. On the other
hand, the article inquires about the possible understandings of the peasants about the convenience of political alliances with communists in specific situations, such as in cases of invasions of cities and pressures for rights to work in public works. Finally, we evaluate the strategic possibilities of this relationship, in terms of a combination of political stances and alternatives of action, which can requalify contemporary peasant struggles.

A Utopia dos Pobres nas Narrativas de Migração no Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil

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The drought is constituted as a narrative mark on the life and the various displacements of the poor of Northeast Brazil. Therefore, the article tries to understand the place of construction of a materialized utopia in the travel and in the act of telling it from an unmistakable familiarity with popular tales in which the ideal place is experienced as mystery, as secret, as fantastic. Crossing the supports of orality, the text presents a possible reading about the displacement and the desire of the poor.

Falta por Aqui uma Grande Razão (ou Várias Razões Pequenas?): O Chicote da História, o Todo e as Partes nas práticas sociais

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different daily life and in moments of crisis. History whips time, as noted by Julio Cortázar, and demands the possible practices, among risks, uncertainties, vacillations and dreams, which are outlined and acted upon by humans, because the future will not be made by cyborgs. Imagined, anticipated, desired or feared, with different formats, in different moments and contexts, the futur is based on experience, which produces expectation, opening itself to the “not yet”, with hope, between the “great reasons” and the current and identical days.

Colonialismo, Póscolonialismo e Colonialidade – Lugares de Memória. Para que Serve um Museu dos Descobrimentos?

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In the European context, the return of the colonialist ideas has made its way persistently With a late-colonial past, associated and valued by the Estado Novo’s dictatorship, in Portugal the assumption of colonial nostalgia has different forms some hiding under the diaphanous concept of Lusofonia, others evoking the “epic od Discoveries”. This coloniality of the memory requires an urgent and assertive critical debate to foster a decoloniality both of memory and knowledge, exposing the
asymmetrical nature of colonization ant its agonistic character.

Imagens sob Suspeita: a Censura e suas Negociações no Brasil em Tempos de Ditadura (1964-1985)

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This research proposes a reflection on the cinema censorship in Brazil during the civilian- military dictatorship (1964-1985), which is based on a range of elapsing processes in the Censorship Division of Public Amusements. Assuming that in authoritarian regimes censorship is an action aimed at interdicting discourses which point out social tensions, put into question figures of authority (such as the state, the armed forces and the church), focus political distensions or approach different forms of physical and symbolic violence, it is inquired how this interdiction (or non-interdiction) made up a negotiating field among producers, directors and distributors, on the one hand, and censors, on the other. The integrated analysis of these documents allow a comprehensive insight of the range of contests and its possible understandings.

Ser-se outro Legalizado: Práticas de Falsificação de Documentos na Clandestinidade Comunista

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This article analyses the communist clandestinity, as a form of resistance to the dictatorship established in Portugal and overthrown with the 25 April Revolution. Going underground meant that a performance had to be adopted in order to allow the “clandestine” to survive and escape the police raids. This article aims to describe this process and to debate the issue of identity and the way the
clandestine militants saw themselves. This article is understood as a part of an important ongoing debate.

Perdoem a Falta de Escolha, os Dias Eram Assim

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Going underground took place in the context of a dictatorial regime. Having the so-called “mergulho” as a starting point, we proposed analyze of the modes of transmission of that particular experience both within the political organization and also in the family milieu. The key objective is to understand the process of memory transmission and how it is apprehended by the second generation, taking into account Michael Pollock’s idea of memories that are almost inherit.

A.M./A.M. para Memória Futura: Dois Homens que Lutaram Contra a Ditadura dos Dois Lados da Fronteira e Meios de Produção de Memória

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In Bragança city there is a neighborhood, a school, a street, and a garden named Artur Mirandela. A monument was also erected in his honor in the same city. Despite the existence of these memorials there is no specific published research about this personality. During the Spanish Civil War, he has helped the Galician and POUMist refugee Alberto Mezquita to cross the country to Lisbon to try to embark for Latin America. Some hypotheses will be pointed and discussed in this article for
Artur Mirandela not to be inscribed in the local, national and international history.

Camponeses, Projetos e o Futuro

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In the most developed countries, in the last seven decades, peasants become modernized farmers or have left villages. In the Southern countries, they are unable to reconvert or leave agriculture. They stayed in the villages, with a constantly growing population and always in a subordinate and fragile position. They are now mostly a population left over from the globalized economy. In these ways, the peasants sometimes revolted, resisted but were never in a postion to hegemonize
and to govern the state. However, projects persist that aim to make peasants in control of their own destiny. Of these, we will mention two that have shown that, for the peasants, these proposals do not appear as a destination but only as possibilities to compare with other alternatives.

Quando o Passado nos dá Sementes para Colher Futuros. Partilhar Saberes Locais para Enfrentar Problemas Globais

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Agriculture is one of the sectors most directly affected by the impact of climate change. In many regions of the world, such as Portugal, smallholders farmers have developed over generations, agricultural systems adapted to local conditions and based on the diversification of cultivated species and varieties that allow them, even under difficult weather conditions, to guarantee continuous production with scarce resource to external factors of production. Besides the preservation of seeds
of local/regional varieties, through their cultivation and dissemination, there is crucial the farmers knowledge mobilization and sharing, particularly among economically vulnerable smallholders facing similar climate problems.

Da Memória à Construção de Narrativas Presentes: a Experiência do Centro de Memórias do Museu do Trabalho Michel Giacometti. 9 anos. Comecei a Trabalhar na Fábrica aos 9 anos (Tia Ana, 2008, Setúbal)

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The Centre of Memories from the Museum of Labour Michel Giacometti is a project that aims to gather collective, and individual memories. In the museum context, this participative action contributes to increase, and democratize, the nature of knowledge. Intimately connected with the museum’s collections of different objects and photographs, the communication of these memories brought us back to heritage’s focus: the relationship between man and objects. In 2017 the museum
renewed its museography, and these memories were a strong influence and source for the process. Double standard narratives were adopted, the beauty and the ‘beast’ were exhibited – placing the museum between theory, and life.

Cabazes de Nostalgia e Retóricas do Mar entre Malaca e Portugal

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This text discusses relations between processes of objectification of the past, identity construc tions and ways of living the present and imagining the future. Methodologically, the analysis stems from continuing ethnography in Portugal and Malaysia. Specifically, we discuss the relationship between experiences and expectations of/about a Creole group resident in Peninsular Malaysia that traces its origins to a genealogy of several centuries dating back to a Portuguese ancestry. Based on this analytical locus, it is shown how different categories of people, including expectations and everyday experiences, weave their lives intertwined in imaginary ideas of past and future.

A Bolsa de Bielsa e Outras Histórias para Espreitar o Futuro

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By questioning the Enlightenment on its premise of the existence of a Universal Reason that Eric Wolf tackled in detail (1999) or of what Sahlins called the “Western illusion of human nature” (2011), Anthropology may in future have a significant field for thinking the world we live in. In the capitalism of a universal vocation, that neoliberalism has managed to impose, the naturalization of the ideas that justify itself is part of a hegemonic current that transforms neoliberal ideology into a condition of human nature. Cultures of resistance are thus a condition for thinking counter-hegemonic practices, or simply social realities that still escape the expropriation of common goods, the privatization of the future as a space of desire and collective imagination. In Bloch's (1982) praxis of concrete utopia, there may lie the horizon of the expectation that what is to come already exists.. Is there a
bigger challenge for the social sciences?

Volume completo

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