Element Iteration Respecification Unstressed Word-Final [u] in Portuguese
Abstract
This study assumes that the internal structure of vowels consists of the combination of elements which can be iterated. According to previous research, it is also assumed that element iteration in Portuguese provides vowels with inherent weight; word-finally, such vowels are stress-attractors. Notwithstanding, Portuguese has a great amount of words with unstressed final [u] (i.e., a vowel consisting of the iteration of {U}), as it is the case of inflected forms of nouns and adjectives. After analysing diachronic and morphological data, it is proposed that element iteration can have different representations at the lexical and the post-lexical levels. On the basis of this observation, it is proposed that element iteration functions as a weight- and stressassigner only when lexically specified.
References
Anderson, J. M. & Ewen, C. J. 1980. Introduction: A sketch of dependency phonology. In: J. M. Anderson, C. J. Ewen (Eds.). Studies in Dependency Phonology. Ludwigsburg: R.O.U. Strauch, 9-40.
Anderson, J. M. & Ewen, C. J. 1987. Principles of dependency phonology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Angoujard, J.-P. 2003. Phonologie et diachronie. In: J. P. Angouojard et al. (Eds.). Phonologie: Champs et perspectives. Lyon: ENS Editions, 173-194.
Angoujard, J.-P. 2006. Phonologie déclarative. Paris: CNRS.
Backley, P. 2011. An Introduction to Element Theory. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Baker, M. 2001. Syntax. In: M. Aronoff, J. Rees-Miller (Eds.). The Handbook of Linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell, 265-294.
Boltanski, J.-E. 1999. Nouvelles directions en phonologie. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Bradfield, J. 2019. Recursivity in phonology – what can it mean below the word?. RecPhon2019. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
Brandão de Carvalho, J. 1993. De quoi sont faites les voyelles? Phonologie tridimensionnelle des particules et harmonie vocalique. In : B. Laks, M. Plénat (Eds.) De natura sonorum: Essais de phonologie. Saint Denis: Presses Universitaires de Vincennes, 65-100.
Brandão de Carvalho, J. 2011. Contrastive hierarchies, privative features, and Portuguese vowels. Linguística. 6(1): 51-66.
Brandão de Carvalho, J.; Nguyen, N. & Wauquier, S. 2010. Comprendre la phonologie. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Camara Jr., J. M. 1970. Estrutura da Língua Portuguesa. Petrópolis: Vozes.
Carr, P. 2008. A Glossary of Phonology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Dikken, M. d & Van Der Hulst, H. 2020. On Some Deep Structural Analogies between Syntax and Phonology. In: K. Nasukawa (Ed.). Morpheme-Internal Recursion in Phonology. Berlin: De Gruyter, 57-116.
Ewen, C. J. 1982. The internal structure of complex segments. In: H. Van Der Hulst, N. S. H. Smith (Eds.). The Structure of Phonological Representations. Dordrecht: Foris, II, 27-67.
Halle, M. & Idsardi, W. 1995. General Properties of Stress and Metrical Structure. In: J. A. Goldsmith (Ed.). The Handbook of Phonological Theory. Cambridge MA: Blackwell, 403-443.
Huybregts, M. A. C. 2019. Infinite Generation of Language Unreachable From a Stepwise Approach. Frontiers in Psychology. Language Sciences. 10: 1-9.
Jackendoff, R. 2007. Language, Consciousness, Culture. Essays on Mental Structure. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
Kaye, J., Lowenstamm, J. & Vergnaud, J.-R. 1985. The internal structure of phonological elements: a theory of charm and government. Phonology Yearbook. 2: 305-328.
Lass, R. 1985. Phonology: An introduction to basic concepts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Luuk, E. & Luuk, H. 2012. Natural language – no infinity and probably no recursion. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. 34: 1942-1947.
Maia, C. A. História do Galego-Português. Estado linguístico da Galiza e do Noroeste de Portugal desde o século XIII ao século XVI (Com referência à situação do galego moderno). Coimbra: INIC.
Mateus, M. H. M. 1982. Aspectos da Fonologia Portuguesa. 2.ª ed. Lisboa: INIC.
Mateus, M. H. & Andrade, E. 2000. The Phonology of Portuguese. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mattos e Silva, R. V. 2008. O Português Arcaico. Uma Aproximação. Volume II. Sintaxe e fonologia. Lisboa: INCM.
Nasukawa, K. 2014. Features and Recursive Structure in Phonology. Proceeding of Phonology 2013, 1-11.
Nespor, M. & Vogel, I. 2007. Prosodic phonology. With a new foreword. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Pöchtrager, M. 2020. Recursion and GP 2.0. In: K. Nasukawa (Ed.). Morpheme-Internal Recursion in Phonology. Berlin: De Gruyter, 237-266.
Schane, S. A. 1984. The Fundamentals of Particle Phonology. Phonology Yearbook. 1: 129-155.
Scheer, T. 1998. La structure interne des consonnes. In: P. Sauzet (Ed.). Langues et Grammaire (II-III): Phonologie. Saint Denis: Université de Paris 8, 141-172.
Schreuder, M. & Gilbers, D. 2004. Recursive Patterns in Phonological Phrases. Speech Prosody 2004.
Schwindt, L. C. 2018. Exponência de gênero e classe temática em português brasileiro. DELTA. 34(2): 745-768.
Teyssier, P. 1990. História da Língua Portuguesa. Lisboa: Sá da Costa.
Van Der Hulst, H. 1989. Atoms of Segmental Structure: Components, Gestures and Dependency. Phonology. 6(2): 253-284.
Van Der Hulst, H. 2010. A note on recursion in phonology. In: H. Van Der Hulst (Ed.). Recursion and Human Language. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 301-342.
Van Werven, J. F. 2015. Reconsidering Recursion. MA Thesis. Utrecht University.
Veloso, J. 2012. Vogais centrais do português europeu contemporâneo: Uma proposta de análise à luz da fonologia dos elementos. Letras de Hoje. 47(3): 234-243.
Veloso, J. 2013. Redução do vocalismo átono do português europeu contemporâneo: Assimetria dos elementos de tonalidade e interação entre diversos tipos de redução vocálica. Textos Selecionados do XXVIII Encontro Nacional da Associação Portuguesa
de Linguística. Coimbra: APL, 655-672.
Veloso, J. 2016. O sistema vocálico e a redução e neutralização das vogais átonas em português europeu contemporâneo. In: A. M. Martins, E. Carrilho (Eds.). Manual de Linguística Portuguesa. Berlin: De Gruyter, 636–662.
Veloso, J. 2017. Monossílabos CV do português: leves e degenerados? Sonoridade vocálica e iteração de elementos na atribuição de peso e na preservação da minimalidade em português. Linguística. 12: 201-226.
Veloso, J. 2018a. Vowel Reduction, Vowel Assimilation, and Inherent Vowel Weight in European Portuguese: Element Asymmetries and Elements for Prosody. Elements – State of the Art and Perspectives. Université de Nantes.
Veloso, J. 2018b. Sonority and Word Primary Stress by Native Listeners of European Portuguese. The SALT Launch – An Interdisciplinary Workshop on Syllable Structure and Sonority. Tromsø, UiT The Arctic University of Norway.
Veloso, J. 2019. Complex Segments in Portuguese: The Unbearable Heaviness of Being Palatal. In: I. Epelde Zendoia, O. Jauregi Nazabal (Eds.). Bihotz ahots. M. L. Oñederra irakaslearen omenez. Bilbao: Universidad del País Vasco, 513-526.
Veloso, J. 2021a. Segment Complexity and Segment Inherent Weight: The Behaviour of Palatality in Portuguese. 54th Annual Meeting of the Societas Linguistica Europaea.
Veloso, J. 2021b. Declarative Phonology and Suppletion: Non-stratal, Non-Derivational Models of Phonology and Morphological Alternation. Preprints 2021.
Vigário, M. 2010. Prosodic structure between the prosodic word and the phonological phrase: Recursive nodes or an independent domain? The Linguistic Review. 27: 485-530.
Wetzels, W. L. 2000. Consoantes palatais como geminadas fonológicas no Português Brasileiro. Revista de Estudos da Linguagem. 9(2): 5-15.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Linguística: Revista de Estudos Linguísticos da Universidade do Porto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
