IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON PEER REVIEW PRACTICES
perspectives from reviewers in biomedical scientific publishing
Keywords:
Scientific Communication, Ethics, Artificial Intelligence, Peer reviewAbstract
This paper examines the perceptions of reviewers from the biomedical field regarding the impact of Artificial Intelligence on the peer review process. Grounded in the theoretical frameworks of Information Science and Scientific Communication, peer review is discussed as a technical-social practice for knowledge validation, influenced by epistemic values and ethical tensions. The methodology is exploratory and descriptive, using a mixed-methods approach with reviewers from the journal Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, through an online questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions. Results indicate that the use of AI remains incipient and sporadic, although recognised as a potential instrumental support for automating repetitive tasks and reducing delays. Concerns persist regarding algorithmic opacity, biases, data integrity, and the preservation of the reviewer's critical autonomy. It is concluded that the acceptance of AI depends on the reviewer's critical autonomy, ethical considerations, and responsible editorial policies.
Downloads
References
BORKO, Harold
1968 Information science: What is it? American Documentation. [Em linha]. 19:1 (1968) 3-5. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.5090190103.
BRAGA, Filipe Meirelles Ferreira; CARDOSO, Pedro Vinhaes
2016 Resenha do livro Weapons of math destruction: How big data increases inequality and threatens democracy, de C. O’Neil. Mural Internacional, 2016.
BRYMAN, Alan
2012 Social research methods. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
CARIBÉ, Rita de Cássia do Vale
2015 Comunicação científica: reflexões sobre o conceito. Informação & Sociedade: Estudos. [Em linha]. 25:1 (set./dez. 2015) 89-104. Disponível em: https://periodicos.ufpb.br/ojs/index.php/ies/article/view/23109.
COECKELBERGH, Mark
2020 Ética na inteligência artificial. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2020.
COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION ETHICS
2023 COPE position statement on artificial intelligence tools. [Em linha]. 2023. Disponível em: https://publicationethics.org/.
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE ÉTICA PARA AS CIÊNCIAS DA VIDA
2024 Inteligência artificial (IA): Inquietações sociais, propostas éticas e orientações políticas: Livro branco. [Em linha]. 2024. Disponível em: https://www.cnecv.pt/admin/files/data/docs/1714063057_Livro_Branco_IA_Maio2024.pdf.
FÉLIX, Nathália Quaiatto [et al.]
2018 AI4People: An ethical framework for a good AI society: Opportunities, risks, principles, and recommendations. Minds and Machines. [Em linha]. 28: 4 (2018) 689-707. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-018-9482-5.
FREIRE, Gustavo Henrique de Araujo
2021 O Regime de informação da comunicação científica: uma abordagem. Informação & Informação. [Em linha]. 26:4 (2021) 175-199. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.5433/1981-8920.2021v26n4p175.
GÜNTHER, Hartmut
2006 Pesquisa qualitativa versus pesquisa quantitativa: Esta é a questão? Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa. [Em linha]. 22:2 (2006) 201-210. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-37722006000200010.
MEADOWS, Arthur Jack
1999 A Comunicação científica. Brasília: Briquet de Lemos, 1999.
PAGE, Matthew J. [et al.]
2021 The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. The BMJ. [Em linha]. 372:71 (2021). Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71.
PASQUALE, Frank
2015 The Black box society: The secret algorithms that control money and information. Harvard: Harvard University Press, 2015.
REGO, Sergio Tavares de Almeida, [et al.]
2019 Guia de integridade em pesquisa da Fiocruz: Documento técnico. [Em linha]. Rio de Janeiro: Fiocruz, 2019. Disponível em: https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/41188.
RUSSELL, Stuart; NORVIG, Peter
2013 Artificial intelligence: A modern approach. 3rd ed. [S. l.]: Pearson, 2013.
SARACEVIC, Tefko
1999 Information science. Journal of the American Society for Information Science. [Em linha]. 50:12 (1999) 1.051-1.063. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:12<1051::AID-ASI2>3.0.CO;2-Z.
SMITH, Richard
2006 Peer review: A flawed process at the heart of science and journals. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 99(4), 178–182. https://doi.org/10.1258/jrsm.99.4.178.
SULEYMAN, Mustafa
2023 The coming wave: Technology, power, and the twenty-first century’s greatest dilemma. New York: Crown, 2023.
SWALES, John Malcol
2004 Research genres: Explorations and applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
TAVARES, João Paulo Lordelo Guimarães
2021 Vieses implícitos e técnicas de automação decisória: riscos e benefícios. Civil Procedure Review. [Em linha]. 12:1 (2021) 105-132. Disponível em: https://www.civilprocedurereview.com/revista/article/view/225.
UNESCO
2021 Recommendation on the ethics of artificial intelligence. [Em linha]. Paris: UNESCO, 2021. Disponível em: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/.
WORLD ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL EDITORS
2023 Recommendations on AI in scholarly publishing. [Em linha]. 2023. Disponível em: https://www.wame.org/policies.
WARE, Mark
2008 Peer review: Benefits, perceptions and alternatives. London: Publishing Research Consortium, 2008.
WIENER, Norbert
1948 Cybernetics: Or control and communication in the animal and the machine. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1948.
ZIMERMAN, André; D’AVILA, Andre
2025 Assistência de inteligência artificial na análise de artigos médicos por pares: Vantagens, desvantagens e considerações éticas. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia. [Em linha]. 2025. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20250315.
ZUBOFF, Shoshana
2019 The Age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. New York: PublicAffairs, 2019.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Páginas a&b
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors are authorised to sign additional contracts separately for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (e.g. publication in an institutional repository or as a book chapter), with acknowledgement of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
