Work, housing and welfare – The siege of fishermen during the Estado Novo (1937-1974)
Abstract
The fishing dwellings, located on the Portuguese Atlantic coast, in the Azores and Madeira, around 2,700 homes built between 1940 and 1970, are a persistent testament to the Estado Novo’s corporate policy in the fishing sector. In the early days of the regime, fishermen were integrated into institutions requiring compulsory registration, losing any capacity for protest and autonomy, to guarantee the social (re)production necessary to maintain an abundant and docile workforce in an economic activity that is fundamental to the Portuguese people’s diet. The fishing dwellings do not constitute a defined housing policy, but rather an opportunity to maintain a pacified population, at the service of the regime’s oligarchies.
Keywords: Social Housing; Estado Novo; Corporatism; Fisheries; Fishermen
Trabajo, vivienda y providencia – El asedio a los pescadores durante el Estado Novo (1937-1974)
Las viviendas de pescadores, ubicadas en la costa atlántica portuguesa, en las Azores y Madeira, unas 2.700 casas construidas entre 1940 y 1970, son un testimonio persistente de la política corporativa del Estado Novo en el sector pesquero. En los primeros tiempos del régimen, los pescadores se integraron en instituciones que exigían un registro obligatorio, perdiendo así toda capacidad de protesta y autonomía, para garantizar la (re)producción social necesaria para mantener una mano de obra abundante y dócil en una actividad económica fundamental para la alimentación del pueblo portugués. Las viviendas de pescadores no constituyen una política de vivienda definida, sino una oportunidad para mantener una población pacificada, al servicio de las oligarquías del régimen.
Palabras clave: Vivienda social; Estado Novo; Corporativismo; Pesca; Pescadores
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